Hover
Hovering is the
most challenging part of flying a helicopter. This is because a helicopter generates
its own gusty air while in a hover, which acts against the fuselage and fight
control surfaces. The end result is constant control inputs and corrections by
the pilot to keep the helicopter where it is required to be.
Despite the
complexity of the task, the control inputs in a hover are simple. The cyclic is
used to eliminate drift in the horizontal plane, that is to control forward
back, right and left. The collective is used to maintain altitude. The pedals
are used to control nose direction or heading. It is the interaction of these
controls that makes hovering so difficult, since an adjustment in any one
control requires an adjustment of the other two, creating a cycle of constant
correction.
Transition from hover to forward flight
As a helicopter
moves from hover to forward it enters a state called translational lift which
provide extra lift with out increasing power. This state, most typically,
occurs when the airspeed reaches approximately 16-24 knots, and may be
necessary for a helicopter to obtain flight.
Forward flight
In forward
flight a helicopter’s flight controls behave more like those of a fixed-wing
aircraft. Displacing the cyclic forward will cause the nose to pitch up,
slowing the helicopter and causing it to climb while decreasing collective will
cause a descent. Coordinating these two inputs, down collective plus aft cyclic
or up collective plus forward cyclic, will result in airspeed changes while
maintaining a constant altitude. The pedals serve the same function in both a
helicopter and a fixed-wing aircraft, to maintain balanced flight. This is done
by applying a pedal input in whichever direction is necessary to center the
ball in the turn and bank indicator.
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