Madhnw0rm.com - Information About Cyber Security Awareness: Footprinting and Reconnaissance

What is Footprinting ?

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<b><i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footprinting" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Footprinting">Footprinting</a> is the process of collecting as much information as possible about a target network, for identifying a various ways to intrude into an organization's network system.</span></i></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM65ZNmV_7T3BNH8jNd5nEUXvwuw7jL42W8NZpXQHQdnNTcgmo2G8fnOpiB8jZaLmvDWN0kAaztGWGXeIZGekgijR7Z94znJPgWghE-vsLll7KQSTskeGgyUttg52QhPrmGy3Nyx9q_Ww1/s1600/Footprinting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Footprinting is the process of collecting as much information as possible about a target network, for identifying a various ways to intrude into an organization's network system." border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM65ZNmV_7T3BNH8jNd5nEUXvwuw7jL42W8NZpXQHQdnNTcgmo2G8fnOpiB8jZaLmvDWN0kAaztGWGXeIZGekgijR7Z94znJPgWghE-vsLll7KQSTskeGgyUttg52QhPrmGy3Nyx9q_Ww1/s400/Footprinting.jpg" title="Footprinting" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Why Footprinting?</span></b></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>F</b>ootprinting allows attacker to know about the complete security posture of an organization.</span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>I</b>t reduces attackers area to specific range of ip address, networks,domain names,remote access,...</span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>I</b>t allows attacker to build their own information database about target organization security weakness to take actions...</span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>I</b>t allows attacker to draw a map or outline the target organization the target network infrastucture to know about the actual environment that they are going to break<b>.</b></span></i><br />
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<i><b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Footprinting Threats</span></b></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacker" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Attacker">Attacker</a> gather valuable system and network information such as account details,operating system and installed applications,network components,server names.database schema details,etc,... from footprinting techniques..</span></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQsWCYP4SCjZJL1L0fZ3uPGaGaAQtSbUN65TftF0uB7amR01DDUERmgLdDdLpZYFvs90dLXAZmOwBsmtHir-iSW9RuE3zYrb3kE_8PFwoLZrSxHR4UUn3wPvkA1GoBUf9oU8ofJhcJSVNR/s1600/Footprinting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Footprinting is the process of collecting as much information as possible about a target network, for identifying a various ways to intrude into an organization's network system." border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQsWCYP4SCjZJL1L0fZ3uPGaGaAQtSbUN65TftF0uB7amR01DDUERmgLdDdLpZYFvs90dLXAZmOwBsmtHir-iSW9RuE3zYrb3kE_8PFwoLZrSxHR4UUn3wPvkA1GoBUf9oU8ofJhcJSVNR/s400/Footprinting.jpg" title="Footprinting" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Footprinting through search engines</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.attackers.net/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Attackers">Attackers</a> use search engines to extract information about a target such as employee details.intranet portal,login pages,..which help in performing for social engineering and other type of advanced system hacks.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKp99nc8EupasPvMX-T2iHLvWDpK4n-D1jer16006RMkNVCev7MWvcq1Pc-1_gElBHQ73u1Y3dF18HTe-nLw9QZI6F20huuof9NStXT_FnnWj9Rr-od_lmt3GYnYEhq_TCjiNBIWR9AYm9/s1600/Footprinting+using+search+engines.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Attackers use search engines to extract information about a target such as employee details.intranet portal,login pages,..which help in performing for social engineering and other type of advanced system hacks." border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKp99nc8EupasPvMX-T2iHLvWDpK4n-D1jer16006RMkNVCev7MWvcq1Pc-1_gElBHQ73u1Y3dF18HTe-nLw9QZI6F20huuof9NStXT_FnnWj9Rr-od_lmt3GYnYEhq_TCjiNBIWR9AYm9/s400/Footprinting+using+search+engines.jpg" title="Footprinting search engines" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b>Collect Location Information</b><br />
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Using <a class="zem_slink" href="http://earth.google.com/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a> tool to get the location of the place<br />
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<b><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Web search engine">People Search</a> on <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_service" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Social networking service">Social Networking Services</a></b><br />
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<i>Facebook,Twitter,Linkedin,Youtube,..</i><br />
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<b>Website Footprinting </b><br />
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Information obtained from target website enables hacker to build map of website structure and architecture.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGXIK_qNpLLw65tK1yv6X4ZCFzi3M6xWg4vG0HnVGwv5IVQuoGEkjaL_CGyJmeT9vdrOeqjCm2lfiU-VA2z2x9Graer4rQxHMyIjUU0aT4GnFxEHIZcMEICBiCsC51TwedwI9ceIN2-YFl/s1600/Footprinting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Information obtained from target website enables hacker to build map of website structure and architecture." border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGXIK_qNpLLw65tK1yv6X4ZCFzi3M6xWg4vG0HnVGwv5IVQuoGEkjaL_CGyJmeT9vdrOeqjCm2lfiU-VA2z2x9Graer4rQxHMyIjUU0aT4GnFxEHIZcMEICBiCsC51TwedwI9ceIN2-YFl/s320/Footprinting.jpg" title="Website footpriniting" width="179" /></a></div>
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<b>Mirroring Entire Website </b><br />
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<li>Mirroring an entire website on the local system enables to dissect and identify vulnerabilities</li>
<li><a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=46.2325,6.045&spn=0.01,0.01&q=46.2325,6.045%20(World%20Wide%20Web)&t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="World Wide Web">Web</a> mirroring tools allow you to download a website to a local directory</li>
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<b>Tracking Email Communications</b></div>
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Attacker Tracks email to gather information about the physical location of an individual to perform social engineering that in turn may help in mapping target organization network</div>
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<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_tracking" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Email tracking">Email tracking</a> is a method to monitor and spy on the delivered emails to the recipient.</div>
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<b>Footprinting through <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_%28security%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Social engineering (security)">social Engineering</a></b></div>
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<li>Social engineering is the art of convincing people to reveal confidential information</li>
<li>Social engineers depend on the fact that people are unaware of their vluable information and are careless about protecting it.</li>
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<b>Collect  Information Using Eavesdropping,Shoulder Surfing, and Dupster Diving</b></div>
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1). Eavesdropping</div>
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<li> <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eavesdropping" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Eavesdropping">Eaves Dropping</a> is unauthorized listening of conversations or reading of messages</li>
<li>It is interception of any form of communication such as audio,video or data</li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaMEXGhGQvBBmzW129a7pZ8InZSc2uzmEAxzTNl14VfC_lEx46vgsn9OF2tNirpv-vEAqQK5kB_Ae21E2Xb7treswmGEDFPbHd-rhz9DB2qYxLv_WyCpu4zSxud58UdPzcEBRaBVonhugQ/s1600/Footprinting+eavesdropping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Eaves Dropping is unauthorized listening of conversations or reading of messages" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaMEXGhGQvBBmzW129a7pZ8InZSc2uzmEAxzTNl14VfC_lEx46vgsn9OF2tNirpv-vEAqQK5kB_Ae21E2Xb7treswmGEDFPbHd-rhz9DB2qYxLv_WyCpu4zSxud58UdPzcEBRaBVonhugQ/s320/Footprinting+eavesdropping.jpg" title="EavesDropping" width="320" /></a></div>
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2). Shoulder Surfing </div>
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<li>  Shoulder surfing is the procedure where the attackers look over the user shoulder to gain      critical information.</li>
<li>Attackers gather information such as passwords,personal identification number,account numbers,credit card information,etc,..</li>
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3). Dumpster Diving</div>
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<li> Dumpster diving is looking for treasure in someone else's trash</li>
<li>It involves collections of phone bills,contact information,etc,.</li>
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What is Footprinting ?

Footprinting is the process of collecting as much information as possible about a target network, for identifying a various ways to intr...

How to Footprinting a target network using the ping utility

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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Madhnw0rm Short Bytes: </b>Ping is a computer network administration utility used to test the host on an internet protocol network and to measure the round trip time for messages sent from the host to a designation computer.</span></i><br />
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A Professional Penetration tester,you will need to check for the reachability of a computer/lap in a network.ping is one of the utilities that will allow you to gather important like ip address maximum packet frame size etc,. the network computer to aid in successful penetration test.<br />
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Ping Command shows how to gather information using the ping command<br />
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<li>Use Ping</li>
<li>Emulate the tracert command the ping</li>
<li>Find maximum frame siz for the network</li>
<li>Identify ICMP type and code for echo request and echo reply packets</li>
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Requirements For Demonstration:<br />
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<li>Administrative Privileges to run tools</li>
<li>TCP/IP settings coreectly configured and an accessible DNS server</li>
<li>Well we can work with Windows 7 & Windows 8</li>
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What Is Mean Ping ?<br />
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The Ping commands sends INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and waits for an ICMP response.<br />
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TUTORIAL FOR FOOTPRINTING A TARGET NETWORK USING THE PING UTILITY<br />
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Find the IP address for http://www.madhnw0rm.com<br />
To launch start menu, move u mouse cursor in the lower left corner of the desktop<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDs3wFs2KNNbBkj8tbnaQVv6pfEq5xCSMoKcQlZ8Yu_Hw72M2VBcn4qcP-Q_bx_pOUxC5r4JBHezP0RUM3TvOKtdm0sjaA_a7ffTl8Z356N9_3Azp5mxO9kpm7FNobUojvpRcSPiWX9wB5/s1600/start+menu.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="windows 10 desktop view" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDs3wFs2KNNbBkj8tbnaQVv6pfEq5xCSMoKcQlZ8Yu_Hw72M2VBcn4qcP-Q_bx_pOUxC5r4JBHezP0RUM3TvOKtdm0sjaA_a7ffTl8Z356N9_3Azp5mxO9kpm7FNobUojvpRcSPiWX9wB5/s320/start+menu.JPG" title="windows10" width="270" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Now Open Command Prompt app to open the command prompt window</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Type ping www.madhnw0rm.com in the command prompt,and press enter to find out its IP address</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">See the below Screenshot For the Displayed response </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIZKG7WxOyHs1ONpjrYgpTrf2ZVb5clXi8vxe1o0Xawqm6dpf7gEZCWQrKQbPg6cIMey38c846E-ip5d9PYFGUpFqyqxQi3vRWB8LWVsmhpZwRPI6HtSnGvliqnMfBNyeIr4narEkCR6wd/s1600/Ping+madhnw0rm.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="The ping Command to extract the IP address fow www.madhnw0rm.com" border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIZKG7WxOyHs1ONpjrYgpTrf2ZVb5clXi8vxe1o0Xawqm6dpf7gEZCWQrKQbPg6cIMey38c846E-ip5d9PYFGUpFqyqxQi3vRWB8LWVsmhpZwRPI6HtSnGvliqnMfBNyeIr4narEkCR6wd/s400/Ping+madhnw0rm.JPG" title="The ping Command to extract the IP address" width="400" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">You recieved the IP address of www.madhnw0rm.com that is [74.125.200.121]</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">You also get information on Ping Statistics,such as packets sent,packets recieved,packets lost and approximate round-trip time</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHC_dzNajdiWkGP47vjV5ZpPG_KIsxJHJeNBoKnY5lDTTyXqW9aEXnYKg9iS5N5hB2mggdqMpfrGTmm9LgtzK5U5P5TmCcgmznk8X9x7YUxx0KF-1GJ8R8BqXtG0rlnyXKM6yjkgEHgx6/s1600/Ping+statistics.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHC_dzNajdiWkGP47vjV5ZpPG_KIsxJHJeNBoKnY5lDTTyXqW9aEXnYKg9iS5N5hB2mggdqMpfrGTmm9LgtzK5U5P5TmCcgmznk8X9x7YUxx0KF-1GJ8R8BqXtG0rlnyXKM6yjkgEHgx6/s320/Ping+statistics.JPG" title="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Hence,now find out the maximum frame size on the network in the command prompt,type ping www.madhnw0rm.com -f -l 1500</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGNxhWZxZzQx2h8DxjwRR0le8GAbPX744ZJAjqkCpExPy1rFY6iKmOnNuiyZFJBppslua5G5G74ZPoFYj3buVyz6_uosDwUflQry2224SeBL7IaYPV-yj0R21tTzvphpXCi25U56iFFI4A/s1600/Ping+fragment.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGNxhWZxZzQx2h8DxjwRR0le8GAbPX744ZJAjqkCpExPy1rFY6iKmOnNuiyZFJBppslua5G5G74ZPoFYj3buVyz6_uosDwUflQry2224SeBL7IaYPV-yj0R21tTzvphpXCi25U56iFFI4A/s320/Ping+fragment.JPG" title="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">The display packet needs to be fragmented but DF set means that the frame is too large to be on the network and needs to be fragmented.</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Type ping www.madhnw0rm.com -f -l 1300</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsM_WnlQZppdYNOw0p9bDVCyHXYTP3ujAgrNH4AVb-erbbN6lK67jxfkwjavLjaLjPJYJ1lFjFrV4WWs3UADPFgjAU_dt8BVUU3Yd0WPswXOObxDOXkzLt0VKUdG_SUxlMj2gnSf31_Vl/s1600/ping+madhan+1300.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsM_WnlQZppdYNOw0p9bDVCyHXYTP3ujAgrNH4AVb-erbbN6lK67jxfkwjavLjaLjPJYJ1lFjFrV4WWs3UADPFgjAU_dt8BVUU3Yd0WPswXOObxDOXkzLt0VKUdG_SUxlMj2gnSf31_Vl/s320/ping+madhan+1300.JPG" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">You can see the maximum packet size is less than 1300 bytes and more than 1500 bytes</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Now try diffrent values until you find the maximum frame size,just ping www.madhnw0rm.com -f -l 1473</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5k8LRJyleFdVv5sr6A7tyVhZO1rsJWMpj6LvdEah6N0BAPEaK5xphA4Iner1hBvD1fUNTshUjIzujL-8Ekhft9qNmtkfKiqIQD69KUelH92RLv-8xcu21S-0HybNyf0mmsPeuc3VVXE5O/s1600/ping+1473.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5k8LRJyleFdVv5sr6A7tyVhZO1rsJWMpj6LvdEah6N0BAPEaK5xphA4Iner1hBvD1fUNTshUjIzujL-8Ekhft9qNmtkfKiqIQD69KUelH92RLv-8xcu21S-0HybNyf0mmsPeuc3VVXE5O/s320/ping+1473.JPG" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Now,find out what happens when TTL expires. frame on the network has TTL defined.This mechanism prevents the loss of packets </span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">In the command prompt ,type ping www.madhnw0rm.com -i 3, It will response diffrent IP address</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-FmeggXtSsZISji8sKeaAx0gRKxn-xdioggYVqcCgmFb7X-DislIDeELQsvyOMVr2XUWfYRW7Clasa1j7OHndMiIOZ5I_zUzBO3xplAPsyS-sjz5f1rHcpdIsb3GiNsmpLIcdXzH9CqI/s1600/ping+response.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-FmeggXtSsZISji8sKeaAx0gRKxn-xdioggYVqcCgmFb7X-DislIDeELQsvyOMVr2XUWfYRW7Clasa1j7OHndMiIOZ5I_zUzBO3xplAPsyS-sjz5f1rHcpdIsb3GiNsmpLIcdXzH9CqI/s320/ping+response.JPG" title="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Reply from 61.95.227.93: TTL expired in transit </span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">The emulator tracert command,using pin-manually,found the route from your pc to www.madhnw0rm.com</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">In this command prompt,type ping www.madhnw0rm.com -i 1 -n 1 ,It will display some response </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim4guMwTTFn0_UEO6n6AqaiqKvKJGKgIh0teePjgx1jFoIbOAWRv5ncISXgUu2evkgiyNy4ZkeM1LtL2lZVCTS1CNRugGTrttJyJg3NGNRLvfhCcu3BB9ZrVC17WE9yCkV2TjrM_BuuyRJ/s1600/ping+-i+l.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim4guMwTTFn0_UEO6n6AqaiqKvKJGKgIh0teePjgx1jFoIbOAWRv5ncISXgUu2evkgiyNy4ZkeM1LtL2lZVCTS1CNRugGTrttJyJg3NGNRLvfhCcu3BB9ZrVC17WE9yCkV2TjrM_BuuyRJ/s320/ping+-i+l.JPG" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Repeat the above step until you reach the IP address for www.madhnw0rm.com</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFq1ZGUSCxrKji1A5NfK-9UfSK7fAa5OfNfGjk4MdiDcc_9tTuVbiF3ILbtH6l9BfJ82Qfk8hGC7HHy-4fN4DQOh1v1TUxB_KCZfA0zB0ojYw5ygqf_Ec2eoOberJUWebSUiue3oj2wUmd/s1600/ping+10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFq1ZGUSCxrKji1A5NfK-9UfSK7fAa5OfNfGjk4MdiDcc_9tTuVbiF3ILbtH6l9BfJ82Qfk8hGC7HHy-4fN4DQOh1v1TUxB_KCZfA0zB0ojYw5ygqf_Ec2eoOberJUWebSUiue3oj2wUmd/s320/ping+10.JPG" title="The ping Command for www.madhnw0rm.com" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Here the successful ping to reach www.madhnw0rm.com is 10. the output will be similiar to the trace route results.</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Now make a note of all IP address from which you receive the reply the ping to emulate tracert.</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">For Video Tutorials :- <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sCZiEkgi3EA" width="560"></iframe></span></div>
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How to Footprinting a target network using the ping utility

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